Forging is a forming and processing method that applies external force to titanium metal blanks (excluding plates) to produce plastic deformation, change size, shape, and improve performance to manufacture mechanical parts, workpieces, tools or blanks. In addition, according to the movement of the slider, there are vertical and horizontal movement of the slider (for forging of slender parts, lubrication and cooling, and forging of high-speed production parts). The compensation device can increase the movement in other directions. The above methods are different, and the required forging force, process, material utilization rate, output, dimensional tolerance and lubrication cooling method are different. These factors are also factors that affect the level of automation.
According to the moving mode of the blank, forging can be divided into free forging, upsetting, extrusion, die forging, closed die forging, and closed upsetting. Closed die forging and closed upsetting have high material utilization because there is no flash. It is possible to complete the finishing of complex forgings with one process or several processes. Because there is no flash, the force-bearing area of the forging is reduced, and the required load is also reduced. However, it should be noted that the blanks cannot be completely restricted. For this reason, the volume of the blanks should be strictly controlled, the relative position of the forging dies and the measurement of the forgings should be controlled, and efforts should be made to reduce the wear of the forging dies.
According to the movement mode of the forging die, forging can be divided into swing rolling, swing swivel forging, roll forging, cross wedge rolling, ring rolling and cross rolling. Pendulum rolling, pendulum rotary forging and ring rolling can also be processed by precision forging. In order to improve the utilization rate of materials, roll forging and cross rolling can be used as the pre-process processing of slender materials. Rotary forging, like free forging, is also partially formed. Its advantage is that it can be formed even when the forging force is smaller compared with the size of the forging. In this forging method, including free forging, the material expands from the vicinity of the die surface to the free surface during processing. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure accuracy. Therefore, the movement direction of the forging die and the swaging process can be controlled by a computer. The forging force of the company can obtain products with complex shapes and high precision, such as forgings such as steam turbine blades with a variety of production and large sizes.
In order to obtain high accuracy, attention should be paid to prevent overload at the bottom dead center and control the speed and mold position. Because these will have an impact on forging tolerances, shape accuracy and forging die life. In addition, in order to maintain accuracy, attention should be paid to adjusting the gap between the slider guide rails, ensuring rigidity, adjusting the bottom dead center, and using auxiliary transmission devices.
Titanium forging materials are mainly pure titanium and titanium alloys with various components. The original state of the materials includes bars, ingots, metal powders and liquid metals. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the metal before deformation to the cross-sectional area after deformation is called the forging ratio. The correct selection of forging ratio, reasonable heating temperature and holding time, reasonable initial forging temperature and final forging temperature, reasonable deformation amount and deformation speed have a great relationship to improve product quality and reduce costs. Generally, round or square rods are used as blanks for small and medium forgings. The grain structure and mechanical properties of the bar are uniform and good, the shape and size are accurate, and the surface quality is good, which is convenient for mass production. As long as the heating temperature and deformation conditions are reasonably controlled, forgings with excellent properties can be forged without large forging deformation.
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